88FED Options
88FED Options
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938 File.3d at 322-23 (rejecting Wisconsin's argument that it mustn't experience fantastic neighbor obligations for that 2008 ozone NAAQS on The premise that its emission reductions would only strengthen a downwind receptor by two ten-thousandths of a component for each billion). The EPA proceeds to neither endorse the “flexibilities” in Attachment A, nor stakes a placement that states are precluded from depending on these ideas in the event in their great neighbor SIP submissions, assuming they might be sufficiently justified the two technically and legally.
In February 2023, as demanded by Reese's Legislation, the U.S. Shopper Item Protection Fee (CPSC or Commission) issued a recognize of proposed rulemaking (NPR) to remove or adequately lower the risk of personal injury from ingestion of button cell or coin batteries by little ones 6 a long time previous and young. From the NPR the Commission preliminarily decided that no current voluntary typical fulfilled the necessities in Reese's Regulation at that time. In this particular document, nonetheless, the Commission establishes that one voluntary regular, substantially revised considering the fact that publication on the NPR, now satisfies the necessities in Reese's Legislation with respect to general performance and labeling demands for client items that contains button mobile or coin batteries.
obligated to outline superior neighbor obligations,[284] states had no purpose to expect the EPA can be obligated to difficulty additional assistance to clarify needs from the wake of Those people selections. The EPA agrees with All those commenters who indicate that states have the initial chance to evaluate and handle obligations in employing the NAAQS, but with that comprehending in your mind, it can be notable that prior to the proposed disapprovals in February of 2022, no point out moved to amend or dietary supplement their SIP submission as the case law on excellent neighbor obligations progressed or in reaction to new modeling information and facts as it turned obtainable.
In Step 1, the EPA identifies monitoring web sites that are projected to get complications attaining and/or preserving the NAAQS within the 2023 analytic yr. Where the EPA's analysis displays that a internet site would not tumble under the definition of the nonattainment or upkeep receptor, that web page is excluded from additional analysis underneath the EPA's four-phase interstate transport framework.
As noted before, the Company proposes to discover nonattainment receptors In this particular rulemaking as All those websites that happen to be violating the NAAQS based on current measured air top quality by means of 2021 and also have projected regular style values of seventy one ppb or better.
Part 5.6 of UL 4200A-2023 contains a revised requirement for captive screws. Two related exceptions exist for your need, both of which use only to goods that contains button mobile or coin batteries that are not meant to be replaced by The patron, and exactly where you will discover Directions and warnings that Obviously point out the battery is to not be replaced by the consumer.
. Back to Citation sixty nine. VMT facts for 2020 have been the newest accessible at time of ultimate rule info progress but had been intensely impacted via the pandemic and unusable to challenge to 2023; On top of that, it was resolute that chaining things according to AEO 2020 and AEO2021 attain the necessary elements resulted in unrealistic artifacts, Consequently only AEO 2022 knowledge had been utilized. Back to Citation 70. Line haul locomotives are regarded as a kind of nonroad cellular resource nevertheless the emissions inventories for locomotives weren't developed applying MOVES3.
81 FR 74504, 74553. No point out's submission lined On this motion contained an emissions Management analysis that will make it possible for for these kind of conclusions to get reached for all of its sources.[326] States commonly did not perform any comparative analysis of accessible emissions Command tactics—nor did they prohibit any supplemental ozone-precursor emissions. We are unclear what A different comment intends in asserting the EPA is required to interpret “significant contribution” inside of a fashion “which ties contribution to an total which contributes noticeably to downwind routine maintenance or nonattainment difficulties.
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approximately seven p.c of full upwind state contribution was misplaced based on the modeling underlying the August 2018 memorandum; from the EPA's 2016v2 and 2016v3 modeling, the quantity dropped is five per cent). Even further, this logic has no finish position. A similar observation may be created with regard to any incremental modify. For instance, should really the EPA future identify a 1.2 ppb threshold for the reason that that could only lead to some modest extra loss in capture of upwind point out contribution when compared with 1 ppb? If the sole foundation for shifting to some 1 ppb threshold is that it captures a “similar” (but actually smaller sized) degree of upwind contribution, then there is not any basis for going to that threshold at all. Contemplating the Main statutory goal of making certain elimination of all important contribution to nonattainment or interference with upkeep of your NAAQS in other states and also the broad, regional nature with the collective contribution challenge with regard to ozone, we carry on to uncover no compelling coverage reason to adopt a whole new threshold for all states of one ppb. Furthermore, it is unclear why usage of a one ppb threshold could be appropriate for all states underneath a more protective NAAQS each time a one % on the NAAQS contribution threshold is useful for much less protecting NAAQS.
Employing a nationally dependable solution is especially significant in the context of 88FED interstate ozone transportation, which is a regional-scale air pollution trouble involving a lot of smaller sized contributors. Successful plan methods to the problem of interstate ozone transportation courting back again towards the NOX SIP Call [63 FR 57356 (October 27, 1998)] have necessitated the application of a uniform framework of coverage judgments to ensure an “economical and equitable” solution. See EME Homer Metropolis,
Overlaying land-primarily based emissions with overwater meteorology may be agent of conditions at coastal monitors in the course of periods of on-shore move affiliated with synoptic conditions or sea-breeze or lake-breeze wind flows. But there may be other occasions, significantly with off-shore wind move, when vertical mixing of land-based mostly emissions may be as well restricted mainly because of the existence of overwater meteorology. Hence, for our modeling the EPA projected regular and maximum design and style values at person monitoring sites according to both of those the “three x 3” tactic and also the choice technique that eliminates overwater cells from the RRF calculation for close to-coastal regions ( i.e.,
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The EPA also disputes which the FIP proposal suggests which the EPA didn't intend to take into account remarks over the proposed disapprovals. Comments creating statements the EPA didn't stick to suitable administrative method have been submitted employing the pretty detect and remark approach these reviews declare the EPA is skipping, and these statements are factually unsupported. Remarks associated with the length of the remark interval and promises of “pretext” are tackled during the RTC document. Remark: